Transhumanism and Human Transcendence

Transhumanism ascribes to human beings the capacity to transcend their current condition and to attain a new trans- or posthuman state. Which understanding of transcendence lies beneath these claims? How can we relate this position on the ability of human self-transcendence to the traditional philosophical discourse on man's transcendence in both classical metaphysics and modern, post-metaphysical approaches? To compare or evaluate different positions requires a critical reflection about their ontological and anthropological presuppositions, especially when they are taken for granted, as is the case with transhumanism.