OBJECTIVE. Comprehensive assessment of abdominal hemodynamics is crucial for many clinical diagnoses but is challenged by a tremendous complexity of anatomy, normal physiology, and a wide variety of pathologic abnormalities. This article introduces 4D flow MRI as a powerful technique for noninvasive assessment of the hemodynamics of abdominal vascular territories. CONCLUSION. Four-dimensional flow MRI provides clinicians with a more extensive and straightforward approach to evaluate disorders that affect blood flow in the abdomen. This review presents a series of clinical cases to illustrate the utility of 4D flow MRI in the comprehensive assessment of the abdominal circulation.
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Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Lubeck, Dept Radiol, Lubeck, GermanyUniv Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Oechtering, Thekla H.
Roberts, Grant S.
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Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, 1530 Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53792 USAUniv Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Roberts, Grant S.
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Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos
Wieben, Oliver
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Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, 1530 Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53792 USAUniv Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Wieben, Oliver
Roldan-Alzate, Alejandro
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Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53792 USAUniv Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Roldan-Alzate, Alejandro
Reeder, Scott B.
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Univ Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, 1530 Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mech Engn, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomed Engn, Madison, WI 53792 USA
Univ Wisconsin, Dept Emergency Med, Madison, WI 53792 USAUniv Wisconsin, Dept Radiol, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792 USA
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
Burris, Nicholas S.
Hope, Michael D.
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Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USAUniv Calif San Francisco, Dept Radiol & Biomed Imaging, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Suite HX319, Lexington, 40536, KYDepartment of Radiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Suite HX319, Lexington, 40536, KY
Owen J.W.
Raptis C.A.
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Department of Radiology, Washington University, 510 S Kingshighway Blvd, St. Louis, 63110, MODepartment of Radiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St, Suite HX319, Lexington, 40536, KY