High level of γH2AX phosphorylation in the cord-blood cells of large-for-gestational-age (LGA) newborns

Newborns can experience adverse effects as a consequence of maternal or in utero exposure, altered growth of the fetus, or placental dysfunctions. Accurate characterization of gestational age allows monitoring of fetal growth, identification of deviations from the normal growth trajectory, and classification of babies as adapted, small, or large for gestational age (AGA, SGA, or LGA). The aim of this work was to evaluate nuclear and oxidative damage in umbilical cord-blood cells of newborns (sampled at birth), by applying the gamma H2AX assay and the fluorescent probe BODIPY581/591 C-11, to detect DNA DSB and cell membrane oxidation, respectively. No statistically sig-nificant differences were observed in the proportion of oxidized cord-blood cells among the groups of newborns, although the LGA group showed the highest value. With regard to genome damage, elevated levels of gamma H2AX foci were detected in the cell nuclei from LGA newborns as compared to AGA or SGA babies, whose values did not differ from each other. Considering that the observed DNA damage, although still repairable, can represent a risk factor for obesity, metabolic diseases, or other pathologies, monitoring genome and cell integrity at birth can provide useful information for prevention of diseases later in life.