Neglect and Abuse in Childhood and Adolescence: Emotional and Mental Repercussions

Neglect and physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse during childhood and adolescence are frequently responsible for long-term sequelae such as somatic and psychopathological disorders, cognitive and emotional problems and changes of brain structure and brain function. Investigations using modern imaging techniques have produced a huge amount of data. However, these data have so far only identified correlations between certain events and alterations of the brain: pathophysiological pathways relating to brain structure and function are still missing. The type and severity of sequelae vary in relation to the genetic endowment of the individuals and their interaction with the environment (vulnerability versus resilience). Environmental factors have a significant influence on the manifestation of all kinds of abuse and are important for the development of preventive measures.