Crime and Punishment in Asia

The dominance of Western models of crime and criminal justice and the nascent emergence of borderless criminological insights precipitated by forces of globalization and transnationalization raises serious questions about their universal applicability to explain crime across time and space. Amidst the dearth of criminological work on Asia, this introduction to the Special Issue on Crime and Punishment in Asia commits itself to developing and honing the frontiers of an Asian criminology by drawing scholarly attention to the empirical and contextual specificities of the region. Such an effort is not directed towards demarcating Asia as a socially and culturally distinct geopolitical entity from the West. Rather, it is to critically reflect upon the alleged and actual variances between Asian and Western societies including the broader differences in social orientation - collectivism vs individualism and duty-based moral obligations vs rights-based beliefs respectively as well as documenting the heterogeneity and particularities within Asia. To that end, crime in South Asian and Southeast Asian contexts and political and economic changes which have given rise to novel strains of crime and newer criminal opportunities, remain under theorized. Ultimately, the advancement of an Asian criminological discourse in this special issue is not to merely acknowledge scholarly attempts that transpose current Anglo-Saxon models onto Asian empirical contexts or reject them, but transform existing theories and develop regional alternatives that are validated by and arise from particular empirical investigations into crime and criminal justice across Asia.