Reducing Groundwater Contamination from On-Site Sanitation in Peri-Urban Sub-Saharan Africa: Reviewing Transition Management Attributes towards Implementation of Water Safety Plans

被引：10

作者：

Twinomucunguzi, Felix R. B. ^{[1
]}

Nyenje, Philip M. ^{[1
]}

Kulabako, Robinah N. ^{[1
]}

Semiyaga, Swaib ^{[1
]}

Foppen, Jan Willem ^{[2
]}

Kansiime, Frank ^{[3
]}

机构：

[1] Makerere Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, POB 7062, Kampala, Uganda

[2] IHE Delft Inst Water Educ, Dept Water Sci & Engn, POB 3015, NL-2601 DA Delft, Netherlands

[3] Makerere Univ, Dept Environm Management, POB 7062, Kampala, Uganda

来源：

SUSTAINABILITY | 2020年 / 12卷 / 10期

基金：

英国经济与社会研究理事会;

关键词：

contamination; integrated water resources management; groundwater; pollution; Sub-Saharan Africa; transition management; water safety plan; GUARANI AQUIFER SYSTEM; DAR-ES-SALAAM; RESOURCES MANAGEMENT; SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SHALLOW AQUIFERS; CHALLENGES; IWRM; GOVERNANCE; BASIN;

D O I：

10.3390/su12104210

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

High urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has resulted in increased peri-urban groundwater contamination by on-site sanitation. The World Health Organization introduced Water Safety Plans (WSP) towards the elimination of contamination risks to water supply systems; however, their application to peri-urban groundwater sources has been limited. Focusing on Uganda, Ghana, and Tanzania, this paper reviews limitations of the existing water regime in addressing peri-urban groundwater contamination through WSPs and normative attributes of Transition Management (TM) towards a sustainable solution. Microbial and nutrient contamination remain prevalent hazards in peri-urban SSA, arising from on-site sanitation within a water regime following Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) principles. Limitations to implementation of WSPs for peri-urban groundwater protection include policy diversity, with low focus on groundwater; institutional incoherence; highly techno-centric management tools; and limited regard for socio-cultural and urban-poor aspects. In contrast, TM postulates a prescriptive approach promoted by community-led frontrunners, with flexible and multi-domain actors, experimenting through socio-technical tools towards a shared vision. Thus, a unified risk-based management framework, harnessing attributes of TM and IWRM, is proposed towards improved WSP implementation. The framework could assist peri-urban communities and policymakers in formulating sustainable strategies to reduce groundwater contamination, thereby contributing to improved access to safe water.

引用

页数：21