Over- and Under-Voltage Containment Reserves for Droop-Based Primary Voltage Control of MTDC Grids

This paper proposes a comprehensive methodology for determining the converter droop settings to ensure the voltage security in a multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) grid. The novelty lies in the introduction of the concept of over- and under-voltage containment reserves in analogy to the frequency containment reserves in AC systems. This not only gives a distinction of the contribution between the converters in rectifying and inverting modes, but also significantly facilitates the sizing of the necessary amount of reserves within their available headroom capacity of power. In particular, the constraints of converter outages, converter rating, and DC voltage deviations are all taken into account in the design of reserves. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by a contingency power flow analysis algorithm and EMT simulations of a four-terminal MTDC grid.