Quantum advantage of resources in data hiding

Data hiding is a quantum task, that is, there exist states which can be distinguished perfectly with general measurements but not with restricted measurements. Through describing the resource content of not only states but also measurements, we establish an operational characterization of general convex resource theories in the context of data hiding. We show that the generalized robustness of state (or measurement) admits an operational interpretation as the maximum advantage that a given state (or measurement) provides over free state (or resourceless measurement) in all data hiding tasks. Finally, our results establish a fundamental connection between the operational tasks of data hiding and resource manipulation.