Internet addiction and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescence: Associations with offline and online social support

Objectives Both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and Internet addiction (IA) are important health issues for adolescents, and social support has been extensively examined as a protective factor for both. This study aims to compare the effect of offline and online social support on IA, and that on NSSI as well. Method A total of 1911 Chinese adolescents (53.27% females, M-age = 16.83 +/- 0.37) completed self-report questionnaires assessing offline social support, online social support, IA, and NSSI. Results The structural equation modeling analysis showed that offline social support was negatively associated with IA and NSSI, while online social support was positively associated with IA and NSSI; IA was positively associated with NSSI. Furthermore, implications for preventions and interventions of IA and NSSI were discussed. The indirect model explained a relatively small variance of NSSI, indicating the possibility of additional factors in the development of NSSI that should be further investigated. Conclusion This study indicated the differences between offline and online social support, and their different associations with IA and NSSI.