Stability and deformations in large-scale underground constructions

As the tunnel construction under the town develops, also technical demands of their implementation increase. The underground location of factories, hydropower stations, road networks etc. lead to a demand for construction of large-scale underground works. Modem technology allows for the development of incredible feats of engineering, which could not be even dreamt of by our predecessors. But, of course, even today there are certain limits. The article analyses the stress and deformation response to the excavation process. Possible solutions of constructing in such loose rock have been calculated from mathematical modeling using the final element method (FEM). The choice face are sequencing and influence of anchoring from the point of view of the stress and deformations influence on the rock. Examples are shown on completed constructions in different geotechnical conditions in the Czech Republic. The article compares and provides quantity assessment of the influence of individual measures and sets possible limits for some particular cases.