Framework for the Introduction of Vehicle-to-Grid Technology into the Polish Electricity Market

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology is one of the advanced solutions that uses electric vehicles (EV) to balance electricity demand in the power system. It can be particularly useful in analyzing and then mitigating the risk of not delivering electricity to the end user. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the possibility of operation of this technology in the legal framework. The article presents the analysis of the legal status in Poland, referring to the documents of the European Union and domestic legislation. Potential changes in Polish energy law that could facilitate the implementation of V2G technology are also proposed. In addition, the authors suggested the principles for the use of this technology, formulating a mechanism called the V2G Program. Within this Program, the V2G Service was defined and a business model of its implementation by a participant of the V2G Program (uEV) was presented. In addition, an uEV selection algorithm is provided so that the mathematical model of the V2G Service can be validated. Based on the performed simulations, it can be concluded that the implementation of the V2G Program requires significant changes in the Polish energy law, but it is feasible from the technical point of view.