Whole-Tumor Perfusion CT in Patients with Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma Treated with Conventional and Antiangiogenetic Chemotherapy: Initial Experience

Purpose: To determine whether wide-volume perfusion computed tomography (CT) performed with a new generation scanner can allow evaluation of the effects of chemotherapy combined with antiangiogenetic treatment on the whole tumor mass in patients with locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma and to determine if changes in CT numbers correlate with the response to therapy as assessed by conventional response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST). Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients with unresectable lung adenocarcinoma underwent perfusion CT before and 40 and 90 days after chemotherapy and antiangiogenetic treatment. RECIST measurements and calculations of blood flow, blood volume, time to peak, and permeability were performed by two independent blinded radiologists. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between baseline CT numbers. Baseline and follow-up perfusion parameters of the neoplastic lesions were tested overall for statistically significant differences by using the repeated-measures analysis of variance and then were also compared on the basis of the therapy response assessed according to the RECIST criteria. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between baseline values of blood flow and blood volume (rho = 0.48; P = .001), time to peak and permeability (rho = 0.31; P = .04), time to peak and blood flow (rho = -0.66; P < .001), and time to peak and blood volume (rho = -0.39; P = .007). Blood flow, blood volume, and permeability values were higher in responding patients than in the other patients, with a significant difference at second follow-up for blood flow (P = .0001), blood volume (P = .02), and permeability (P = .0001); time to peak was higher in non-responding patients (P = .012). Conclusion: Perfusion CT imaging may allow evaluation of lung cancer angiogenesis demonstrating alterations in vascularity following treatment. (C)RSNA, 2011