System architecture for closed-loop PLM

The closed-loop product life cycle management (closed- loop PLM) system focuses on tracking and managing the information of whole product life cycle, with possible feedback of information to product life cycle phases. It provides opportunities to reduce the inefficiency of life cycle operations and gain competitiveness. Thanks to the advent of hardware and software related to product identification technologies, e. g. radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, recently the closed-loop PLM has been highlighted as a tool of companies to enhance the performance of their business models. However, implementing the PLM system requires a high level of coordination and integration. To this end, it is prerequisite to investigate what are the main components for closed- loop PLM and how they are related to each other. To address this need, the curent study focuses on the system architecture of closed- loop PLM with respect to business model, hardware, and software.