The coordinated operation of dual batteries energy storage system for cold areas

Utilizing energy storage systems have been considered as a feasible pathway to achieve carbon neutrality. However, the common battery type for energy storage systems is the cheap lithium iron phosphate battery, which has low output efficiency and is almost impossible to charge in cold areas. Lithium titanate battery has high output efficiency and charge efficiency in cold areas. Meanwhile, the price of a lithium titanate battery is three times that of a lithium iron phosphate battery with the same capacity. To achieves the complementary advantages of lithium iron phosphate battery and lithium titanate battery, this paper proposes the dual battery framework of energy storage systems. Based on this, the operation model of energy storage systems is formulated. Besides, five cases are designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the results show that the dual battery framework has high output efficiency with a cheaper cost than lithium titanate battery. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.