Stacking sequence optimization to maximize the buckling load of blade-stiffened panels with strength constraints using the iterative fractal branch and bound method

Laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have widespread applications in aerospace structures, and thus optimization of the stacking sequences in these composites is indispensable. Here, a fractal branch and bound method (FBB) is proposed for optimizing the stacking sequences. This method requires only low computational costs, and an optimal result can be obtained rapidly by means of the deterministic process. For practical stacking sequence optimizations, more than two laminates have to be optimized, because a practical aerospace structural component usually comprises a panel and stiffeners made from composite laminates. Since the stacking sequences of the skin panel and stiffeners affect the buckling load of the stiffened panel, the optimization of both laminates must be performed simultaneously. In the present study, a new method to implement a strength constraint for the FBB method is proposed for the simultaneous optimization of more than two laminates (such as a panel and stiffeners). Moreover, a quadratic polynomial objective function, which includes lamination parameter variables of the two laminates: the stiffeners and the panel, is adopted. The strength constraint is implemented by means of a response surface. The new method is applied to the buckling load maximization of a blade-stiffened composite panel, in which the strength constraint is demonstrated as a feasibility study. The method successfully obtained optimal stacking sequences with the strength constraint at low computational cost. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.