The epidemiology of syphilis in the waning years of an epidemic: Houston, Texas, 1991-1997

Background: National and local syphilis rates have fallen since 1990, Accurate epidemiologic information about the distribution of syphilis during the waning years of an epidemic are important to health care organizations so that they can specifically target screening and intervention programs, Goals: To describe the epidemiology of syphilis in Houston, Texas, from 1991 through 1997, Study Design: Descriptive evaluation of morbidity surveillance data from the Houston Department of Health and Human Services, Results: Between 1991 and 1997, rates for syphilis fell 61%, Rates for primary and secondary syphilis fell 90% among men and women in all race/ethnicity groups; early latent rates fell 81% among blacks, 57% among Hispanics, and 50% among whites, Late latent rates were stable among blacks and whites and increased among Hispanics. The proportion of total cases identified as late latent disease increased from 16% in 1991 to 63% in 1997, Congenital syphilis rates have remained at approximately 2 per 1,000 live births since 1993. Conclusion: Syphilis continues to be a problem in Houston. The medical community and HIV/STD prevention programs need to be vigilant in actively screening high-risk individuals to identify syphilis at earlier stages of the disease and to prevent congenital syphilis.