Strategy Basis for the Development of Scientific Potential in the Innovative Economy of the Russian Federation

In the Russian economy, science and the academic community are traditionally responsible for creating innovations, which various research institutes and educational organizations graduate and train employees for. The most significant is the postgraduation institute, which has become the third step in the higher education system in the Russian Federation in 2014, also known as highly qualified scientific personnel training. The article discusses the problems of postgraduate study as an institution for the training of highly qualified scientific personnel. The authors examine the relationship between the graduation of scientific personnel and changes in technological patterns, accompanied by ups and downs in economic development. A retrospective analysis of the mechanisms, procedures and tools for training scientific personnel in the Soviet period is carried out, problems and current trends in the functioning of this institution are identified. According to statistics, every year the number of postgraduate students, and especially postgraduate students who has received a Ph.D. degree, is steadily decreasing. The authors of the article have substantiated the relationship between the change of technological modes and the number of highly qualified personnel released and tried to find the explanations for this phenomenon, as well as outline possible solutions to the problem.