Visceral leishmaniasis:: a study on phlebotomine sand flies and canine infection in Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais

Visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil was initially associated with rural areas. However, due to several environmental modi cations such as deforestation, urbanization and intense migratory processes, there has been an expansion of endemic areas, leading to urbanization of the disease, mainly in the central and northeastern regions of Brazil. In the municipality of Montes Claros, located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais, an epidemiological survey on VL was carried out. A canine serological inquiry was carried out in 2002 and an entomological survey, using luminous CDC traps, was performed from September 2002 to August 2003. Canine VL prevalence showed an average infection rate of approximately 5 %. An estimated 16 species comprised the phlebotomine sand fly fauna, based on a total of 1043 specimens. The predominant species was Lutzomyia longipalpis with a rate of 74 %, suggesting its participation in the transmission of VL in the municipality of Montes Claros.