Ganglioneuroma of the sphenoid wing: a case report and literature review

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are well-differentiated, slow-growing, benign tumors that are quite rare and usually found in the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. They are composed of ganglion and Schwann cells and their origin remains in dispute. GNs have been reported as intraosseous lesions, such as in temporal and orbital bones. There are rare reports of intracranial lesions, mostly in the pituitary fossa. Most ON patients are children and are clinically asymptomatic. Diagnosis of GN requires histopathologic evaluation since no specific clinical or radiologic diagnostic features have been identified. We report the case of a 35-year-old man with recurrent sinusitis whose radiologic workup revealed a lytic right sphenoid wing lesion with microcalcifications. He underwent gross-total resection of the lesion and the pathologic findings were diagnostic of ganglioneuroma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of sphenoid wing ON. The nature and origin of this tumor are discussed, and the ON literature is reviewed.