The radical changes undertaken and the results so far achieved seem to indicate that Hungary, along with some other countries in the region, has reached the end of the transition from socialism to a multi-party parliamentary democracy with a market economy. The Hungarian R&D sector has made it through the painful period of fragmentation with decreasing structural development and is now at the end of the stabilisation period, as defined by the author, or at the beginning of a new phase of reintegration, which can be characterised by increasing S&T policy orientation and dynamically developing international S&T relationships.