Adiabatic capillary tube flow of carbon dioxide in a transcritical heat pump cycle

Flow characteristics of an adiabatic capillary tube in a transcritical CO2 heat pump system have been investigated employing the homogeneous model. The model is based on fundamental equations of mass, energy and momentum which are solved simultaneously. Two friction factor empirical correlations (Churchill, Lin el al., Int. J. Multiphase Floiv 1991-1; 17(1):95-102) and four viscosity models (Mcadams, Cicchitti, Dulder and Lin) are comparatively used to investigate the flow characteristics. Choked condition at the outlet is also investigated for maximum mass flow rate. Subcritical and supercritical thermodynamic and transport properties of CO, are calculated employing a precision property code. Choice of viscosity model causes minor variation in results unlike in chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) refrigerants. Relationships between cooling capacity with capillary tube diameter, length and maximum mass flow rate are presented. A lower evaporating temperature yields a larger cooling capacity due to the unique thermodynamic properties of CO2. It is also observed that an optimum cooling capacity exists for a specified capillary tube. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.