Plug-in Electric Vehicle Planning Toward DDPP Constrained by Electricity Grid Limitation

Electric vehicle (EV) has alluded as a solution for CO2 emission reduction in the transportation sector. However, uncontrolled penetration of EVs considering power grid limitation will increase CO2 emission in the electricity sector. Hence, in this paper, a decomposed model of EVs planning is proposed to obtain the optimal penetration of EVs considering associated uncertainties. Moreover, a new bi-level charging/discharging control which considers both desires of the PEVs and the system operator is addressed in this paper. The results demonstrate that it is possible to increase the penetration of EVs up to 30% by 2025 while reducing the total load curtailment by 37% and the total emission by 28% compared to the baseline case with no supervisory EV charging/discharging control. The proposed planning problem is applied to Ontario's grid considering existing and projected plans of transmission and generation expansion.