All-organic non-aqueous redox flow batteries with advanced composite polymer-ceramic Li-conductive membrane

Composite membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) binder and Li1.4Al0.4Ge0.2Ti1.4(PO4)(3) (LAGTP) ceramic filler as prospective solid electrolytes for non-aqueous redox flow batteries were investigated. Membrane fabrication details and thorough material characterization is provided to show improved performance. Studied membranes possess high Li-ion conductivity of (2.7 +/- 0.6).10(-4) S cm(-1), uniform microstructure, and excellent stability towards acetonitrile. Moreover, a new redox flow battery configuration is demonstrated with designed composite membranes in all-organic non-aqueous redox flow batteries. For the comparison, commercial Neosepta AHA anion-exchange membranes were evaluated. Triarylamine-based catholyte and viologen-based anolyte materials, which were recently designed in our laboratory, were used as redox couples. The comparison revealed lower resistance, but faster crossover of composite PVdF + LAGTP membrane (permeability rates < 10(-5) cm(2) min(-1)); still, this is considered as acceptable for application in flow batteries. H-cells assembled with novel composite membrane exhibit Coulombic efficiency of over 97% and high charge-discharge cycling stability: after the initial 15 cycles, the capacity stabilized at 37 mA h L-1 corresponding to 70% utilization of active materials. The membrane proposed exhibits a beneficial combination of functional characteristics that allows considering it as a credible alternative to the contemporary available polymeric commercial membranes for all-organic redox flow batteries.