Quantitative techniques in the measurement, of milk adulteration in Peshawar, Pakistan

This paper discusses the compositional parameters (fat, solids-not-fat and total solids) of buffalo milk sold in Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 51 samples in phase 1 and 31 samples in phase 2 were analysed. In separate experiments, milk samples from summer and winter milkings were obtained from selected producers, and representative samples were also retrieved from further down their marketing chain for analysis. The results show that in compositional terms, none of the market samples reached the level accepted as standard for pure buffalo milk. Therefore, it is concluded that all samples analysed had been diluted by the addition of water. The results also show that all participants in the milk marketing chain dilute milk to some extent.