Constructing amidoxime-modified porous adsorbents with open architecture for cost-effective and efficient uranium extraction

The dense structure of polymeric matrices exposes only 10-20% of adsorption (amidoxime) groups, thus detracting from the extraction efficiency of uranium from seawater. Herein, the amidoxime-modified building units were cross-linked via the Scholl reaction into porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs). Due to the formation of open architecture, PAF adsorbents reveal a larger utilization ratio (>60%) of amidoxime groups. Consequently, PAF samples enable an ultrahigh uranium capacity of 702 mg g(-1), which creates a 16-fold capacity enhancement and gains a 7-fold adsorption rate improvement compared with polymer-based adsorbents. Notably, PAF solids are able to be integrated into various devices, thus realizing versatile and efficacious uranium extraction from real seawater (meeting the commercial standard similar to 6 mg g(-1) in 21 days). In addition, the final cost using our PAF-based adsorbent is US $189.77 per kg uranium, it is in accordance with the prevailing market cost ($100-335 per kg).