Bioinspired Advances in Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture

Rising demand for food production and an intensified usage of hazardous substances on the farmland are the driving force behind the emergence of green nanotechnology. Eco-friendly nanomaterials synthesised using plant sources and microorganisms are expected to catalyse a revolution in the agricultural sector by introducing nano-enabled smart sensors for metals along with organic toxins, supplying micronutrients; balancing the plant hormones, soil quality, and moisture content; stimulating plant growth; and minimising the usage of toxic chemicals by nanofertilizers and nanopesticides. As no single nanocompound has proved to be completely sustainable, this review discusses a wide variety of sustainable routes to implement nanomaterials to increase productivity, protect, and monitor crops through innovative nano-aided agricultural practices. Nevertheless, as the progress of research and commercialization in this area is still marginal, an understanding of complex dynamic behaviour, careful evaluation with targeted delivery of these compounds in the environment, and strong governmental regulatory norms are necessary to realize the effectiveness of green nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture. This article outlines some major advancements in recent years related to the implementation of eco-friendly nanomaterials in the agricultural sector. A systematic and comprehensive approach to adopting green nanotechnology would certainly promote a sustainable movement resulting in a beneficial economic and ecological impact.