All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Using a Combination of Sb2S3/Li2S-P2S5/Acetylene Black as the Electrode Composite and LiBH4 as the Electrolyte

Batteries play an important role in energy storage and conversion. Lithium-ion batteries have gained high commercial interest because of their high efficiency and performances. However, these batteries have several safety-related hazards. Considerable improvements in the safety-related issues with the use of solid electrolytes witnessed a sudden surge in the research on all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs); however, finding their compatible electrode material is still a challenge. The conversion-alloying type Sb2S3 is an interesting material because of its high theoretical capacity (946 mAh g(-1)). In the present work, the hybrid Sb2S3 composite material has been investigated for ASSLIBs using a different combination of solid electrolytes Li2S-P2S5 and LiBH4 in the electrode and electrolyte layers. The detailed electrochemical reaction mechanism for lithium insertion and extraction with two different solid electrolytes has been introduced using X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The solid-state batteries consisting of Sb2S3 + Li2S-P2S5 + carbon| Li2S-P2S5|Li operated in a different range of temperatures and current rates showed excellent discharge/charge performances and high capacity. A half cell with Sb2S3 + Li2S-P2S5 + carbon|LiBH4|Li combination exhibited a superior capacity of 6264 mAh cm(-3) (1373 mAh g(-1)) with high cycling stability (similar to 60% after 100 cycles) and nearly 100% coulombic efficiency. The Sb2X3-LPS-AB composites with LiBH4 as a solid electrolyte present a highly stable combination of chalcogenide-sulfide-hydride materials, which showed superior performances for ASSLIBs.