The effect of blood glucose control on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

To investigate the effect of blood glucose control on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A retrospective cohort study was conducted on a total of 150 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examination and delivered at our hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Among these patients, there were 50 patients with suboptimal or uncontrolled blood glucose (designated as Group A), 50 matched patients with blood glucose controlled with in normal range (designated as Group B), and 50 matched healthy pregnant women (designated as Group C). The incidences of pregnancy complications and outcomes as well as neonatal birth condition and complications were collected and compared among three groups. The results showed the incidences of pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios and preeclampsia as well as caesarean section were significantly higher in Group A than those in Group B (all P<0.05) and Group C (all P<0.05), while there were no statistical differences between Group B and Group C with respect to abovementioned results (P>0.05). The incidences of premature birth, low weight birth and macrosomia as well as neonatal hypoglycemia and respiratory distress syndrome were significantly higher in Group Ain comparison with those in Group B (all P<0.05); and Group C (all P<0.05); whereas no significant differences were found between Group B and Group C in terms of these parameters of neonatal birth condition and complications (P>0.05). In conclusion, strengthening of blood glucose control in pregnant women with GDM can improve pregnancy outcome, reduce pregnancy complications and neonatal complications.