Novel SARS-CoV-2 variants: the pandemics within the pandemic

被引:266
|
作者
Boehm, Erik [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Kronig, Ilona [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Neher, Richard A. [4 ]
Eckerle, Isabella [1 ,2 ,3 ,5 ]
Vetter, Pauline [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Kaiser, Laurent [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Geneva Univ Hosp, Geneva Ctr Emerging Viral Dis, 4 Rue Gabrielle Perret Gentil, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
[2] Geneva Univ Hosp, Div Lab Med, Lab Virol, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
[3] Univ Geneva, Fac Med, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland
[4] Univ Basel, Swiss Inst Bioinformat, Biozentrum, Basel, Switzerland
[5] Univ Geneva, Dept Microbiol & Mol Med, Geneva, Switzerland
关键词
B; 1; 7; 351; COVID-19; Mutations; P; Re-infection; SARS-CoV-2; Sequencing; Variant of concern; Variants; VOC; MUTATIONS; SPIKE;
D O I
10.1016/j.cmi.2021.05.022
中图分类号
R51 [传染病];
学科分类号
100401 ;
摘要
Background: Many new variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been termed variants of concern/interest (VOC/I) because of the greater risk they pose due to possible enhanced transmissibility and/or severity, immune escape, diagnostic and/or treatment failure, and reduced vaccine efficacy. Aims: We sought to review the current knowledge of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly those deemed VOC/Is: B.1.351, B.1.1.7, and P.1. Sources: MEDLINE and BioRxiv databases, as well as the grey literature, were searched for reports of SARS-CoV-2 variants since November 2020. Relevant articles and their references were screened. Content: Mutations on the spike protein in particular may affect both affinity for the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor ACEII and antibody binding. These VOC/Is often share similar mutation sets. The N501Y mu-tation is shared by the three main VOCs: B.1.1.7, first identified in the United Kingdom, P.1, originating from Brazil, and B.1.351, first described in South Africa. This mutation likely increases transmissibility by increasing affinity for ACEII. The B.1.351 and P.1 variants also display the E484K mutation which de-creases binding of neutralizing antibodies, leading to partial immune escape; this favours reinfections, and decreases the in vitro efficacy of some antibody therapies or vaccines. Those mutations may also have phenotypical repercussions of greater severity. Furthermore, the accumulation of mutations poses a diagnostic risk (lowered when using multiplex assays), as seen for some assays targeting the S gene. With ongoing surveillance, many new VOC/Is have been identified. The emergence of the E484K mutation independently in different parts of the globe may reflect the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans against a background of increasing immunity. Implications: These VOC/Is are increasing in frequency globally and pose challenges to any herd im-munity approach to managing the pandemic. While vaccination is ongoing, vaccine updates may be prudent. The virus continues to adapt to transmission in humans, and further divergence from the initial Wuhan sequences is expected. Erik Boehm, Clin Microbiol Infect 2021;27:1109 (c) 2021 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:1109 / 1117
页数:9
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