Considerable disturbances of cardiovascular risk factors in women with diabetes and myocardial infarction

Objective: To investigate to which extent differences in cardiovascular risk factors explain the increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and complication rate in women with diabetes mellitus (DM). Design: Case-control study. Subjects: We compared women with diabetes and previous MI (n = 29), diabetes but no MI (n = 46), prior MI but no diabetes (n = 64), and healthy controls (n = 125). Measurements: Smoking habits, physical activity, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (WHR), serum lipids. plasma fibrinogen, and serum sex hormones. Results: Despite the fact that diabetic women had similar BMI, those with a past MI, compared to diabetic women without MI, had significantly higher WHR (mean, 95% CI) [0.89 (0.87, 0.92) vs. 0.84 (0.81, 0.86) mmol/l, P = .001] and very high S-triglycerides [3.03 (123, 3.83) vs. 1.69, (1.39, 1.99) mmol/l, P = .001] and low HDL-cholesterol [1.09 (0.94, 1.24) vs. 1.56 (1.41, 1.71) mmol/l, P < .001], indicating pronounced metabolic disturbances. women with NU but no diabetes had intermediate values for WHR, triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol. Furthermore, women with diabetes and MI had significantly higher p-fibrinogen, were smokers, and lived a more sedentary life than the other women. Over half of all women with prior MI were on lipid-lowering therapy and tended to have nonsignificantly lower S-cholesterol than women without MI. Conclusions: Women with diabetes who have manifested an MI carry a very substantial cardiovascular risk factor burden, which probably explain their increased morbidity and mortality. In order to improve prognosis, studies targeted at investigating treatment modalities for these abnormalities are needed. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.