Diagnostic stability in bipolar disorder: a systematic review

Introduction. Stability of a diagnosis over time represents the best evidence to validate psychiatric diagnoses and helps to predict the course of a disorder. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder shows large variability over time and only a few numbers of investigations have evaluated the impact of the diagnostic stability vs the change. Material and Methods. A systematic review was made through a literature search in Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science of the articles published in the last 10 years (20082018). We used the following key words; "stability diagnosis", AND "bipolar disorders", AND "mood disorders". We selected those studies conducted in patients who presented affective and/or psychotic clinic where the stability of the diagnosis was studied over time. Results. The initial search showed a total of 140 articles, 13 of which met inclusion criteria. In this review we have found that, compared to other mental disorders, Bipolar Disorder has in its favor a greater construct validity and long-term stability. Conclusions. Initial phases of Bipolar Disorder constitute a real diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Despite this, it is considered, added to schizophrenia as one of the most stable diagnostic categories (60 % of patients who receive this initial diagnosis remain it during time). The absence of reliable and valid instruments for diagnosis is considered as a limitation so it would be convenient that in the next classifications of mental disorders they continue striving so that the nosological entities have greater construct validity possible.