Recent Advances in the Functionalization of Azulene Through Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions

Azulene derivatives have important physical and physicochemical features, as well as advantageous biological qualities. The metal-catalyzed processes have proven to be a highly practical method for azulene functionalization. The development in the synthesis of azulene derivatives, including (aryl)heteroaryl-substituted and hetero-fused azulene derivatives, through Pd-catalyzed coupling techniques over the previous two decades is discussed in this research. Alkyl-, alkenyl-, and alkynylazulenes synthesized via Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling processes are also included.