Adjuvant vaginal high-dose-rate afterloading alone in endometrial carcinoma: Patterns of relapse and side effects following low-dose therapy

Objective, This retrospective study was conducted to document the incidence and location of recurrences as well as the rate of side effects following low-dose postoperative high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Methods. From 1987 to 1993, 122 patients with moderate-risk (78) and high-risk (44) endometrial carcinoma underwent adjuvant vaginal irradiation. All patients received three fractions of 7 Gy specified on the surface of the vaginal cylinder. Results. Relapses occurred in 12 (9.8%) patients on average after 25.6 months. Seven (5.7%) patients had a sole pelvic recurrence; in 2 (1.6%) of those the relapse was located in the vagina distant metastases. Distant metastases alone were diagnosed in 2 (1.6%) patients. A tumor recurrence was diagnosed in 3 of 78 (3.8%) patients with moderate-risk disease and in 9 of 44 (20.5%) patients with high-risk disease. The estimated 5-year relapse-free survival was 94% for patients with moderate-risk and 74% for patients with high-risk tumors (P = 0.004), Neither severe nor chronic complications were noted, Conclusion, Even low doses of HDR brachytherapy seem sufficient for excellent vaginal disease control in moderate-risk disease. In advanced tumors combined radiation therapy is warranted for improved pelvic disease control. (C) 1998 Academic Press.