Langston Hughes's popular front poems in late 1930s

In 1930s, Langston Hughes, then a radical socialist African American writer, transferred from his 1920s aestheticism-oriented poetics to a reality-accommodating pragmatic poetics, by which he put emphasis on the social functions of art to do propaganda for social revolution. This poetics allows the Popular Front aesthetics to influence his creation, which leads to the rise of his Popular Front poems. These poems are acclimated to the new political requirements while witnessing a growing artistic maturity. The major features are: a collection of voices in a single poem or different personae in one voice; hybridity of low and high cultures, including high modernism; multiculturalism based on racial integration; and poetics of disalienation, a poetics of explanation to produce new subjectivity and social reality in a pattern of affirmation-interpellation/alienation-reaffirmation.