Theory of interacting Bloch electrons in a magnetic field

We Study interacting electrons in a periodic potential and a uniform magnetic field B taking the spin-orbit interaction into account. We first establish a perturbation expansion for those electrons with respect to the Bloch states in zero field. It is shown that the expansion can be performed with the zero-field Feynman diagrams of satisfying the momentum and energy conservation laws. We thereby clarify the structures of the self-energy and the thermodynamic potential in a finite magnetic field. We also provide a prescription of calculating the electronic structure in a finite magnetic field within the density functional theory starting front the zero-field energy-band Structure. Oil the basis of these formulations, we derive explicit expressions for the magnetic susceptibility of B -> 0 at various approximation levels on the interaction, particularly within the density functional theory, which include the result of Roth [J. Phys. Chem. Solids 23 (1962) 433] as the non-interacting limit. We finally study the de Haas- van Alphen oscillation in metals to show that quasiparticles at the Fermi level with the many-body effective mass are directly relevant to the phenomenon. The present argument may be more transparent than that by Luttinger [Phys. Rev. 121 (1961) 1251] of using the gauge invariance and has an advantage that the change of the band structure with the field may be incorporated.