Understanding Physicians' Preferences for Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Study

Background: In contrast to the current broad dissemination of telemedicine across medical specialties, previous research focused on the effectiveness of telemedicine in special populations and for behavioral health encounters, demonstrating that both physician and patient factors impact the efficacious use of telemedicine. Objective: We aim to evaluate physician perceptions of the appropriateness of telemedicine for patients attending the primary care practices of a federally qualified health center in New York City. Methods: We used an anonymous cross-sectional survey including closed- and open-ended questions. We used chi-square to test whether providers from certain specialties were more likely to state they would use telemedicine in the future. We used t tests to compare age between those who would versus would not use telemedicine. We then used logistic regression to test whether age and specially were both correlated with the desire to use telemedicine in the future. We used thematic content analysis to describe the reasons providers felt they would not want to use telemedicine in the future and to describe the situations for which they felt telemedicine would be appropriate. Results: Of 272 health care providers who were sent the electronic survey, 157 (58%) responded within the 2-week survey time frame. The mean age of providers was 45 (range 28-75) years. Overall, 80% (126/157) stated they would use telemedicine in the future. Compared to the family medicine, internal medicine, behavioral health, dental, and obstetrics and gynecology specialties, providers from pediatrics, med-peds, subspecialties, and surgery (protelemedicine specialties) were more likely to believe telemedicine would be useful post pandemic (61/67 [91%] vs 65/90 [72%]; P<.001). Providers who reported they would use telemedicine in the future were younger (mean age 44, range 42-46 years vs mean age 50, range 46-55 years; P=.048). In the regression analysis, both protelemedicine specialties and age were significantly associated with odds of reporting they would use telemedicine in the future (prospecialties: odds ratio 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.2; younger age: odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.08). Providers who did not want to use telemedicine in the future cited concerns about inadequate patient care, lack of physical patient interaction, technology issues, and lack of necessity. Providers who felt telemedicine would be useful cited the following situations: follow-up visits, medication refills, urgent care, patient convenience, and specific conditions such as behavioral health, dermatology visits, and chronic care management. Conclusions: The majority of health providers in this resource-limited setting in a federally qualified health center believed that telemedicine would be useful for providing care after the pandemic is over.