A study of different battery thermal management systems for battery pack cooling in electric vehicles

The Thermal Management System (TMS) of the battery is one of the most significant systems in the building of an electric vehicle, with the goal of improving the battery's performance and life. The benefits and drawbacks of the proposed Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) solutions are thoroughly examined, as well as the adaptability of these systems. The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate previous studies and research on the types, designs, and operating principles of BTMSs used in the building of various-shaped lithium-ion batteries, with a focus on cooling methods. The information thus compiled provides necessary and valuable information to people interested in this area, as well as future research directions, which may be utilized to improve the effectiveness of the BTMSs and hence the overall efficiency of the electric car. Details of various TMSs, such as air, Phase Change Material (PCM), Heat Pipe (HP), liquid, and immersion cooling, are addressed and contrasted with the goal of enhancing exterior heat dissipation. The major drawback of PCM- and HP-based systems is the efficient change of state is not achieved, which results in a poor cooling effect of the battery pack. Liquid cooling is suggested as the most suitable method for large-scale battery packs charged/discharged at higher charge rates (C-rates) and in high-temperature environments and it is suggested as the most suitable method for large-scale battery packs charged/discharged at higher C-rates and in high-temperature environments.