The image of the people, its heroes and antiheroes in Soviet painting of the 1920s-1930s (themes of the Revolution and the Civil War)

The article is devoted to themes of revolution and Civil War in Russia. Paintings which embodied this theme are considered from the perspective of the psychology of art. Using in this field the psychological approach of Lev S. Vygotsky and the concept of image typical Suite of Sergei M. Eisenstein in the characteristics of the image of the people in the movie, the authors bring together methods of analysis, which jointly correspond to the Russian scholar method formed in the same historical period as the Soviet art. The tragic theme of a series of paintings - correspond to the historical reality - is revealed. The authors show that one group of art works depicting the people who suffered in the October Revolution and the Civil War, written in the genre of a kind of memorial, or in a dramatically powerful manner. These genre varieties were expressed by means of image typical Suite. So here "the outside" content (plot, according to the theory of L.S. Vygotsky) to be transmitted to the state and/or action, and a reflection was in "the internal" one (emotional and psychological). Another group of works - created at the battle subject - differs grand and propagandistic composition or romantically and effective one. It characterized the coincidence of the original idea (plot) and its interpretation (of the story). The third group of creations depicted the figures of executioners and conquerors opposing of images of national heroes. This group was based on "conflict clashes" of the plot and story (L.S. Vygotsky), as the plot was expressed by means of the most exquisite landscape paintings, and the plot was identified on the process of the deformation of moral norms. This confrontation gave to the painters the opportunity to conceptualize the tragic history of the people as a great mental value, which they summarized in the conceptual psychology and philosophical idea - "the image of the people as opposed to his heroes and enemies". As a result, the authors of this paper focused their attention to the disclosure of the experiences of the people who find themselves an important source of collectivist worldview.