Multi-Scenario Based Bi-Level Coordinated Planning of Active Distribution System Under Uncertain Environment

The recent large-scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) has caused numerous operational issues, thereby leading to the transfers of the power distribution system from passive to active ones. Therefore, a comprehensive planning of active distribution system (ADS) is required to address these challenges and ensure a reliable power supply. This study presents a stochastic framework for ADS planning using system framework design, RESs, and distribution-static compensator (DSTATCOM). Unlike the traditional single-level planning, a bi-level planning model is proposed, in which the integrated optimal decision is aimed at upper-level planning, whereas RESs and DSTATCOM are incorporated in lower-level planning. Moreover, new and logical indexes are developed to address techno-economic and environmental aspects. To effectively consider the intermittency of load and RESs, a novel approach is developed considering probabilistic models and K-means algorithm. Finally, to solve the planning model, discrete rooted tree optimization technique is proposed and its superiority is established.