An Improved Dynamic Model of the Vanadium Extraction Process in Steelmaking Converters

The production process from iron ore to steel can be divided into several stages, among which the processes of vanadium extraction and steelmaking are two key technological sections. The products of vanadium extraction are important strategic resources for modern industrial countries, and the remaining molten iron after vanadium extraction provides the material used in the subsequent steelmaking processes. In some mechanism models of vanadium extraction and the steelmaking process, the contact area of the reactions is considered to be constant in the empirical formula; furthermore, even the masses of the molten steel and slag are taken to be constants. This paper presents an important improvement to the existing models, in which the contact areas of the slag-metal interface and the emulsion system are considered to be non-constant. The improved model is simple and easy to analyze theoretically. Theoretical analysis of the model equations can be used to explain the competitive oxidation between each element, as well as the oxygen conservation of the system. The numerical simulations are consistent with existing production data, showing that the mass fraction of vanadium can be reduced to the specified threshold after about 3.5 min of blowing, which provides an important reference for production control. Furthermore, it is shown that the model captures the "trapezoid" structure of the decarburization rate. This paper also considers the relationship between FeO and O, the numerical simulation partly reflecting the dependence between the concentrations of FeO and O. The improved model can be used to describe and predict the change of the molten steel and slag composition in the process of vanadium extraction, which provides a mathematical foundation for the automatic control of the vanadium extraction process.