A comprehensive debris flow hazard mitigation program in Taiwan

As a result of steep topography, young and weak geological formations, earthquakes, erodible soils, heavy rainfall and slopeland cultivation, debris flows have in recent years caused tremendous losses to lives, houses, roads and bridges in Taiwan. In response to these catastrophic debris flows, government agencies in Taiwan have been making gradual but continued efforts since the early 1980's to tackle various aspects of debris flow problems and hazard mitigation measures. These efforts represent essential components required in a comprehensive program for debris flow hazard mitigation. This program includes a warning system and hazard avoidance-mitigation sub-program to help minimize detrimental impacts. It has a strong research and technology development sub-program to (1) investigate the causes, governing factors and mechanisms of debris flows, (2) develop methods for evaluating hazard occurrence potential and likelihood of re-occurrence, and (3) recommend remedial measures and options to mitigate hazards. An international scientific and technical exchange sub-program is included to adapt technology in debris flow mitigation from abroad for local application. High priority is given to the education, training and information dissemination sub-program to help generate the understanding, acceptance and involvement of people living in areas most likely to be detrimentally affected by debris flows and ensure successful implementation of mitigation measures. For achieving excellency in the comprehensive debris flow hazard mitigation program, new initiatives should be developed, evaluated and included when new knowledge, approaches and techniques become available.