Caucasian and Hispanic early adolescent substance use: Parenting, personality, and school adjustment

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parenting, personality and school adjustment on early adolescent substance use. The sample consisted of 1,023 6th and 7th graders (mean age = 12.7 years) about equally divided between males and females. Using structural equation modeling, similarity in developmental process across gender and ethnic groups was confirmed Hierarchical nested modeling revealed few direct effects of personality or parenting on experimentation or illicit use; rather bath latent traits were mediated by school adjustment. The final mediated model demonstrated excellent fit, accounting for 59% of the total variance in licit substance use and 21% of the variance in illicit use. Findings indicate (a) similarity in etiology of early adolescent substance use across gender and ethnicity; (b) the importance of examining multiple domains of influence on adolescent substance use; and (c) the need to examine mediated versus direct effects model in predicting early adolescent substance use.