2D Particle-in-cell simulations of charged particle dynamics in geometrically asymmetric low pressure capacitive RF plasmas

Understanding the spatio-temporal dynamics of charged particles in low pressure radio frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP) is the basis for knowledge based process development in these plasma sources. Due to the importance of kinetic non-local effects the particle in cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulation became the primary modeling approach. However, due to computational limitations most previous PIC/MCC simulations were restricted to spatial resolution in one dimension. Additionally, most previous studies were based on oversimplified treatments of plasma-surface interactions. Overcoming these problems could clearly lead to a more realistic description of the physics of these plasma sources. In this work, the effects of the reactor geometry in combination with realistic heavy particle and electron induced secondary electron emission coefficients (SEEC) on the charged particle dynamics are revealed by GPU based 2D3V PIC/MCC simulations of argon discharges operated at 0.5 Pa and at a high voltage amplitude of 1000 V. The geometrical reactor asymmetry as well as the SEECs are found to affect the power absorption dynamics and distribution functions of electrons and ions strongly by determining the sheath voltages and widths adjacent to powered and grounded surface elements as well as via the self-excitation of the plasma series resonance. It is noticed that secondary electrons play important roles even at low pressures. Electron induced secondary electrons (delta-electrons) are found to cause up to half of the total ionization, while heavy particle induced secondary electrons (gamma-electrons) do not cause much ionization directly, but induce most of the delta-electron emission from boundary surfaces. The fundamental insights obtained into the 2D-space resolved charged particle dynamics are used to understand the formation of energy distribution functions of electrons and ions for different reactor geometries and surface conditions.