The Effect of Tourism Activities on the Ecological Footprint: The Case of Turkey

In this study, the effects of tourism activities on the ecological footprint of the 1970-2017 period in Turkey were examined with the ARDL bounds testing approach. For this purpose, the variables used in the study are primary energy consumption, per capita income, tourism expenditures,tourism revenues, and total natural resource rent. The analysis results reveal that the long-term effects of energy consumption and tourism expenditures on the ecological footprint are positive. In addition, the impact of per capita income and tourism revenues on the ecological footprint is negative in the long run. However, natural resource rent only affects the ecological footprint in the short run.