Coordinated charging of electric vehicles including customer options for slow or fast charging

Transportation system electrification in the world decreases the gasoline consumption that leads to increase in usage of number of plug in electric vehicles (PEVs). PEV is a bidirectional resource which, while playing the role of a resource, poses challenges in its management. These vehicles are to be charged at a residential standard outlet or in a corporate car charging station. This paper mainly aims to maximize the benefits of a customer who comes to a charging station for charging their vehicle. An incentive-based cost mechanism is introduced to optimally schedule the vehicles; this mechanism minimizes the overall charging cost, considers their random arrival and departure times and maximizes battery energy before they leave the station. As far as we know, there are no studies on minimizing the cost of coordinated optimal charging of electric vehicles at an isolated charging station with different charging modes. This paper presents and solves a linear optimization problem by LINGO, where the vehicles are connected for charging either in slow charging mode or fast charging mode at hourly basis for 6 h. The results are analyzed and validated. A 30-vehicle model is worked out. A 24-h schedule can also be worked on the same lines as given in this paper when the number of incoming vehicles is large.