Mortality and bleeding complications of COVID-19 critically ill patients with venous thromboembolism

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) disease in COVID-19 patients is a remarkable issue, especially its relationship with bleeding events and mortality. The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), in relationship with VTE during their stay. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of critically ill COVID-19 patients in two hospitals that underwent a venous ultrasound at the beginning of follow-up of both lower limbs in April 2020. In case of clinical suspicion of new VTE during the 30-day follow-up, additional ultrasound or thoracic CT were performed. Global VTE frequency, major bleeding events and survival were collected, and their predictors were studied. Results: We included 230 patients. After 30 days of follow-up, there were 95 VTE events in 86 patients (37.4%). Thirteen patients (5.7%) developed major bleeding complications and 42 patients (18.3%) died. None of the comorbidities or previous treatments were related with bleeding events. D-Dimer at admission was significantly related with VTE development and mortality. Independent predictors of mortality in the regression model were older age (>66 years), D-Dimer at admission (>1.500 ng/mL) and low lymphocyte count (<0.45x109/L) with an AUC in the ROC curve of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.73-0.89). Patients presenting these three conditions presented a mortality of 100% in the predictive model. Conclusions: VTE frequency in ICU COVID-19 patients is high and risk of major bleeding is low. Comorbidities and laboratory parameters of admission in these patients can be a useful tool to predict mortality.