Drug safety evaluation of oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-emtricitabine for pre-exposure prophylaxis for human immunodeficiency virus infection

Introduction: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors approved as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Prophylactic TDF-based regimens have been shown to reduce the risk of HIV infection by 74 to 92% among participants with detectable drug levels. Adverse events observed in clinical trials include nausea, elevated creatinine and liver enzymes, and decreased bone mineral density. Areas covered: This article reviews the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and the safety profile of TDF and FTC used as PrEP for HIV infection. Expert opinion: TDF-FTC can have a large impact in preventing HIV infections among high risk individuals when taken daily. Although TDF-FTC is associated with adverse events, they can be minimized with clinician-guided monitoring.