A model study of artificial linker system using self-assembled calix[4]arene derivative monolayers for protein immobilization

The attachment of biomolecules, in particular proteins, onto solid supports is fundamental in the development of advanced biosensors, biochips, bioreactors, and many diagnostic techniques. In addition, the effective investigation of biomolecular structure and function with chip-based modern instruments often requires effective attachment of the biomolecule to a substrate. For this reason, it is very important to construct well-characterized linker system that can immobilize protein efficiently. Here, we investigate the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with calix[4]arene ethylester and carboxylic acid derivatives that can serve as a model system for protein immobilization at solid surfaces. The calix[4]arene derivative monolayers were formed on Au surface and carefully characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIR-RAS) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Immobilization process of protein using bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the artificial linker layer was measured by SPR. The surface concentration of BSA was calculated by simulation of experimental SPR data. The surface concentration of BSA on the carboxylic acid form was higher than that of the ethylester. These results can help in modeling and understanding of protein immobilization on the linker layer. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.