The Development of Metacognitive Models to Support Students' Autonomous Learning: Lessons from Indonesian Primary Schools

The present study was designed to develop an Indonesian language learning module based on metacognitive strategies to support student learning autonomy. The development of this module is based on Oxford's (1990) strategy development model. Data were generated through quantitative and qualitative approaches. The analysis showcases that (1) module requirements were determined based on information of student needs, of whom 53% stated to agree and 31% strongly agree in case of the development of an Indonesian language learning module based on the metacognitive strategy; (2) the development of the module was conducted by integrating metacognitive strategy training and implementation in learning, evaluations, and revisions; (3) module accuracy was shown by the validation results from language experts (85%), design experts (93%), media experts (86%), and practitioners (77%), which is stated as valid; and (4) the module effectiveness was based on the results of SPSS 20 analysis: if t-value is -7.267, smaller than t-table of -2.045, itmeans that there is a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores. This finding unpacks that there is a difference between student learning outcomes before and after the implementation of learning with Indonesian language learning modules based on metacognitive strategies. Implications from these findings are discussed.