Dynamic process modelling of activated-sludge plants - Discussion

This paper reviews the developments in process modelling, and outlines the benefits of dynamic modelling compared to steady-state modelling. The alternative uses of modelling, for design, operation and training, are included. The models covered are the GOD-based models from the IAWQ models #1 and #2 and WRc's BOD-based model. The relevance of BOD modelling for practitioners, rather than academics, is discussed, and likely routes for the future development are presented. The authors' practical experience using these models, principally under WRc's STOAT software, is also presented in the form of case studies - highlighting the experience of sampling programmes, calibration, validation and the continuing importance of the engineer's role.